An OpenAI spokesperson said Mr Musk’s refreshed complaint was “baseless”.
“Elon’s third attempt in less than a year to reframe his claims is even more baseless and overreaching than the previous ones,” they told the BBC.
They added that previous emails sent by Mr Musk, which it shared publicly in response to his original lawsuit, “speak for themselves”.
Thursday’s legal filing amends a lawsuit filed in a California court in August, and also includes LinkedIn co-founder Reid Hoffman being added as a defendant.
The BBC has approached Mr Hoffman for a response.
The lawsuit accuses OpenAI of having transformed from a “tax-exempt charity to a $157bn (£124bn) for-profit, market-paralysing gorgon”.
It also claims Microsoft and OpenAI used a monopoly to eliminate competitors in the AI sector – including Mr Musk’s own company, xAI.
“As a result of their unlawful actions, defendants have been unjustly enriched to the tune of hundreds of billions of dollars in value, while Mr Musk has been conned along with the public,” it says.